![]() ![]() Traditionally, the first stages of orbital carrier rockets have been discarded in the ocean once the ascent was complete. The overall objective of the program is to privately develop reusable rockets using vertical-landing technology so as to substantially reduce the cost of space access. The first-stage descent tests were part of the larger SpaceX reusable launch system development program, which included a large amount of new technology development activities and earlier low-altitude test flights at the SpaceX facility in McGregor, Texas in preparation for the high-altitude high-velocity testing of landing test phase of the program. As of 15 December 2017, 14 routine landings have been performed ( 100% success) and three missions were launched in expendable configuration, not attempting to land. Since the January 2017 return to flight, SpaceX has stopped referring to landing attempts as "experimental", indicating that they have become a routine procedure (see Iridium-1 and CRS-10 press kits of 2017, compared with CRS-9 and JCSAT-16 of 2016). flight 28 ( JCSAT-16) landing on a drone ship in August 2016.flight 27 ( CRS-9) returning to LZ-1 in July 2016.flights 24 ( JCSAT-14) and 25 ( Thaicom 8) returning at higher speed from GTO missions at sea on a drone ship in May 2016.flight 23 ( CRS-8) finally achieving a stable landing at sea in the Atlantic on the drone ship Of Course I Still Love You in April 2016 after four previous attempts ended in destruction of the booster upon impact.flight 20 ( Orbcomm OG2 M2) safely touching down on the LZ-1 ground pad upon first attempt in December 2015.From 2013 to 2016, sixteen test flights were conducted, six of which achieved a soft landing and recovery of the booster: The first landing test occurred in September 2013 on the sixth flight of a Falcon 9 and maiden launch of the v1.1 rocket version. ^ Controlled descent soft vertical ocean touchdown no recovery.^ Passive reentry failed before parachute deployment.^ Controlled descent ocean touchdown control failed no recovery.Landings of Falcon 9 first-stage boosters The second landed booster, B1021, was the first to fly again in March 2017, and was recovered a second time. The first ground landing at LZ-1 succeeded in December 2015, and the first landing at sea on a drone ship in April 2016. Later tests attempted to land the rocket precisely on an autonomous spaceport drone ship (a barge commissioned by SpaceX to provide a stable landing surface at sea) or at Landing Zone 1 (LZ-1), a concrete pad at Cape Canaveral. The first tests aimed to touch down vertically in the ocean at zero velocity. The program's objective was to reliably execute controlled re-entry, descent and landing ( EDL) of the Falcon 9 first stage into Earth's atmosphere after the stage completes the boost phase of an orbital spaceflight. Since 2017, the first stage of Falcon 9 missions has been routinely landed if the rocket performance allowed it, and if SpaceX chose to recover the stage. The Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests were a series of controlled-descent flight tests conducted by SpaceX between 20. The first stage of Falcon 9 flight 20 successfully landed for the first time on a ground pad at Landing Zone 1, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, after propelling 11 Orbcomm OG2 satellites to orbit. Proofs of the SpaceX booster's reusability ![]()
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